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MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Grinding Grinding is a precision manufacturing process widely used in the production of engineered fasteners and components to achieve tight tolerances, high surface finish quality, and accurate dimensions. It involves the use of an abrasive wheel that removes material through controlled wear, shaping the fastener to its required specifications. The Grinding Process: 1. Setup: The fastener or component is securely held in place using fixtures or chucks, ensuring stability during the grinding process. 2. Abrasive Wheel: A rotating abrasive wheel, typically made of materials like aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, or diamond, is used to remove material from the workpiece. The wheel’s grain size, bond type, and hardness are chosen based on the material and desired finish. 3. Material Removal: The grinding wheel contacts the workpiece surface, removing material through abrasion. This generates heat, which is managed with a coolant to prevent thermal damage or distortion. 4. Precision and Finish: Grinding is capable of producing extremely tight tolerances (often within microns) and smooth surface finishes, making it ideal for critical fastener components. Types of Grinding for Fasteners: 1. Surface Grinding: Used for flat or slightly contoured surfaces on fasteners, such as flange faces or bolt heads. Ensures uniformity and smoothness. 2. Cylindrical Grinding: Common for shafts, pins, and bolts where the cylindrical shape requires precise diameters and surface finishes. Both external and internal cylindrical grinding can be applied. 3. Centerless Grinding: Ideal for mass-producing fasteners with cylindrical shapes (e.g., bolts and rods). The fastener is held between a grinding wheel and a regulating wheel, eliminating the need for a center or chuck. 4. Thread Grinding: Used to form precise threads on screws and bolts with high accuracy and excellent surface finishes. 5. Form Grinding: Shapes the fastener to a specific profile, often used for unique or complex designs. Benefits of Grinding for Fasteners: High Precision: Achieves tolerances as low as ±0.001 mm, critical for applications requiring exact fits. Superior Surface Finish: Provides mirror-like finishes with low surface roughness, reducing friction and wear. Versatility: Can process a wide range of materials, including hard-to-machine alloys like titanium, nickel, and MP35N. Customizability: Adapts to specific profiles and designs for specialized fastener applications. Applications in Engineered Fasteners: Thread Finishing: Ensures precision threads for bolts, screws, and studs, critical in aerospace and nuclear industries. Dimensional Control: Achieves tight tolerances for fasteners used in high-performance applications. Surface Enhancement: Produces smooth, wear-resistant surfaces for improved performance and durability. Pre- and Post-Coating Preparation: Prepares surfaces for coatings or polishes them after treatment for aesthetic or functional purposes. Challenges in Grinding: Thermal Damage: Excessive heat from grinding can lead to material distortion or surface microcracking, especially in heat-treated materials. Coolants are essential to manage heat. Tool Wear: Abrasive wheels wear over time, requiring regular maintenance or replacement. Cycle Time: Grinding can be slower than other material removal processes, especially for large-scale production. Cost: The precision and specialized equipment required make grinding more expensive than other finishing methods. Why Grinding is Essential: Grinding is indispensable for producing high-precision fasteners with excellent surface quality, meeting the stringent requirements of industries like aerospace, defense, and medical. It ensures that fasteners perform reliably under extreme conditions, making it a cornerstone in advanced manufacturing. Cold Heading Hot Heading EDM Milling Turning Swiss Machining Drilling Roll Threading Cut Threading Broaching Heat Treatment Austenitizing Tempering Normalizing Stress Relieving Grinding Polishing Dot Peen Marking Laser Marking MANUFACTURING Explore our manufacturing capabilities OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT

testing capabilities Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal and surface-connected flaws in solid materials. By sending sound waves through a component and analyzing the reflected signals, UT can identify cracks, voids, inclusions, and other discontinuities that are invisible to the eye. This makes it one of the most reliable techniques for ensuring the structural integrity of critical components. How the Test is Performed Preparation – The surface of the fastener or component is cleaned to ensure proper sound transmission. Couplant Application – A gel or liquid couplant is applied to facilitate the transmission of ultrasonic waves from the probe into the part. Sound Wave Transmission – An ultrasonic transducer emits high-frequency sound waves into the material. Signal Reflection – If the waves encounter a defect or boundary within the material, they reflect back to the probe. Data Analysis – The signals are displayed on a screen, allowing inspectors to measure the location, size, and type of any discontinuities. Documentation – Results are recorded to ensure traceability and compliance with quality standards. Why It is Performed Ultrasonic Testing is performed to safeguard the reliability of engineered fasteners and machined components where internal integrity is just as important as external quality. Unlike surface-only tests, UT provides insight into the entire volume of the material , making it highly effective for detecting hidden flaws that could compromise performance in service. Detects internal cracks, voids, and inclusions before they become failure points Ensures product integrity under extreme stresses and operating conditions Prevents costly downtime and safety risks by verifying quality before use Application to Engineered Fasteners Engineered fasteners are often used in safety-critical and high-stress environments — from aerospace engines to offshore oil & gas equipment. A flaw inside the material, even if invisible from the outside, can grow under load and lead to catastrophic failure. By using Ultrasonic Testing, TSP Manufacturing ensures that: Fasteners are free of hidden defects that compromise strength and durability Components meet the strict requirements of industries where failure is not an option Customers have complete confidence in the integrity and reliability of every part we produce Standards & Compliance TSP Manufacturing conducts Ultrasonic Testing in accordance with established industry standards, including ASTM, ASME, and AWS specifications , as well as customer-specific requirements. Our inspectors are trained and qualified under recognized NDT certification programs, ensuring every test is accurate and consistent. This strict adherence to standards not only builds credibility but also guarantees that our fasteners and components are compliant with the stringent quality expectations of industries such as aerospace, defense, nuclear, and oil & gas. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications.

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Heat Treatment: Normalizing Normalizing is a heat treatment process that enhances the uniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties in engineered fasteners and components. It is primarily used to refine grain size, improve machinability, and prepare the material for subsequent processing steps. This process involves heating the material to a temperature above its critical range, followed by air cooling, resulting in a more consistent and desirable microstructure. The Normalizing Process: 1. Heating: The fastener or component is heated to a temperature above the upper critical point (typically between 830°C and 950°C or 1526°F to 1742°F for steels, depending on the alloy). At this temperature, the microstructure transforms to austenite. 2. Soaking: The component is held at the normalizing temperature for a sufficient time to allow for complete transformation and homogenization of the austenite structure. The duration depends on the material thickness and composition. 3. Cooling: The component is removed from the furnace and allowed to cool in still air at room temperature. The cooling rate is slower than quenching but faster than annealing, producing a refined and uniform microstructure, typically a mixture of ferrite and pearlite in steels. Effects of Normalizing: Grain Refinement: The process refines the grain size, enhancing the toughness and strength of the material. Stress Relief: Internal stresses caused by previous manufacturing processes (such as forging or rolling) are relieved, reducing the risk of distortion during machining. Uniform Microstructure: Normalizing produces a uniform and predictable microstructure, improving the material’s overall properties. Improved Machinability: The resulting microstructure makes the material easier to machine and work with. Example of Normalizing in Fastener Manufacturing: 1. Material: Low-carbon steel (e.g., 1020 steel). 2. Heating: The steel bolt is heated to 900°C (1652°F). 3. Tempering: The bolt is held at this temperature for 30 minutes to ensure complete transformation. 4. Cooling: The bolt is air-cooled, resulting in a fine-grained ferrite and pearlite structure. 5. Outcome: The bolt has improved toughness and machinability, making it suitable for further shaping or heat treatment. Advantages of Normalizing for Fasteners: Enhanced Toughness: The refined grain structure improves toughness, making the fasteners less prone to brittle failure. Dimensional Stability: Components experience reduced warping or distortion during machining or further processing. Consistent Mechanical Properties: Normalizing ensures a uniform distribution of mechanical properties throughout the fastener. Reduced Cost: As air cooling is used, normalizing is more cost-effective than quenching processes that require special cooling media. Applications in Engineered Fasteners: Pre-Processing Step: Normalizing is often performed before further heat treatments, such as quenching and tempering, to ensure uniform properties. Fasteners with Complex Shapes: Bolts, screws, and studs with intricate designs benefit from reduced residual stresses and enhanced dimensional stability. Critical Components: Fasteners for high-stress applications, such as in aerospace, nuclear, and turbomachinery, rely on normalizing for consistent mechanical properties. Challenges in Normalizing: Oxidation and Scaling: Surface oxidation can occur during heating unless the process is performed in a controlled atmosphere. Limited Hardening: Normalizing does not produce the same level of hardness as quenching. Material-Specific Parameters: The process must be tailored to the specific material and component requirements for optimal results. Why Normalizing is Essential: Normalizing is a foundational heat treatment process that enhances the reliability and performance of engineered fasteners. By producing a refined and uniform microstructure, it prepares the fasteners for subsequent machining and heat treatment processes, ensuring they meet the demanding requirements of industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy. Cold Heading Hot Heading EDM Milling Turning Swiss Machining Drilling Roll Threading Cut Threading Broaching Heat Treatment Austenitizing Tempering Normalizing Stress Relieving Grinding Polishing Dot Peen Marking Laser Marking MANUFACTURING Explore our manufacturing capabilities OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT

SERVICING THE CUSTOMER Aerospace Home / Industries / Aerospace / Industry Overview Engineered fasteners and components are integral to the aerospace industry, where precision, reliability, and performance are essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of aircraft, spacecraft, and related systems. These components are required to withstand extreme conditions while adhering to the strictest industry standards. KEY FEATURES High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Lightweight materials are used to minimize weight while maintaining structural integrity. Corrosion and Temperature Resistance: Fasteners must perform reliably in high-temperature and corrosive environments, such as jet engines or space applications. Fatigue and Vibration Resistance: Components are designed to endure repeated stress and vibration over extended service life. Precision Engineering: Tight tolerances and exacting specifications are critical to ensure secure connections and proper alignment. WHEN ONLY THE BEST WILL DO Common Applications: Aircraft Structure: Fasteners are used in fuselage panels, wings, tail assemblies, and landing gear. Engines: High-performance fasteners secure components in jet and rocket engines, where they are exposed to extreme heat and mechanical stress. Avionics and Instrumentation: Small, precise fasteners are essential for securing delicate electronic components and systems. Spacecraft: Fasteners are designed to handle the vacuum of space, radiation, and extreme temperature fluctuations. Interiors: Used in seating, cabin panels, and other interior components for commercial and military aircraft. Materials: The aerospace industry relies on advanced materials for fasteners to achieve strength, durability, and reduced weight, including: Titanium Alloys: Lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. Superalloys (e.g., Inconel): Designed for extreme heat and stress, often used in engines. Aluminum Alloys: Lightweight and corrosion-resistant, suitable for less demanding applications. Stainless Steels: Provide strength and corrosion resistance in structural and engine components. Composite-Compatible Fasteners: Designed for use with modern composite materials. Industry Standards: Aerospace fasteners must comply with rigorous standards to ensure safety and reliability, including: NAS (National Aerospace Standards) and AN (Air Force-Navy) Standards for fasteners. AMS (Aerospace Material Specifications) for material properties and processing. MIL-SPEC standards for military applications. The TSP Manufacturing Advantage TSP Manufacturing specializes in custom-engineered fasteners for the critical requirements of aerospace applications. Our fasteners deliver exceptional strength, precision, and reliability while meeting stringent weight and performance demands. Manufactured to exacting industry standards, they ensure safety and efficiency in the most challenging environments, from high-altitude flight to deep-space exploration. OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications. Valve Stems Learn more about our Engineered Valve Stems, designed for demanding applications requiring exceptional strength, durability, and precision. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT Get a quote for your upcoming project CONTACT

SERVICING THE CUSTOMER Intelligent Inventory Management Home / Services / Intelligent Inventory Management / Real-Time Fastener Supply Chain Optimization By integrating advanced RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology with a seamless, user-friendly web-based interface, our system enables real-time data exchange between suppliers and customers. This innovative platform provides continuous visibility into inventory levels, ensuring that stock availability is always up to date. Customers can monitor usage patterns, receive low-stock alerts, and automate replenishment processes, reducing the risk of shortages or overstocking. WHEN ONLY THE BEST WILL DO About the Technology RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology uses radio waves to communicate data between an RFID reader and a small tag or label attached to an item. Our RFID smart labels contain a microchip that can store information about the item, such as its serial number, manufacturer, and other important data. By using RFID technology, our customers can automate their inventory management processes, leading to significant cost savings and increased efficiency. ADVANTAGES Automate inventory management Avoid overstocking or stockouts Track inventory levels in real-time Improve overall accuracy of inventory data Improve supply chain visibility Reduce costs associated with excess inventory or lost sales due to stockouts Lot control ability Reduce the amount of paper-based records, which can help to reduce carbon footprint Control kits with VMI system OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications. Valve Stems Learn more about our Engineered Valve Stems, designed for demanding applications requiring exceptional strength, durability, and precision. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT Get a quote for your upcoming project CONTACT

Jesus Martinez Quality Control Supervisor BIO As Quality Control Supervisor at TSP Manufacturing, Jesus Martinez is responsible for overseeing the inspection and testing processes that ensure every product meets the company’s rigorous quality standards. With a keen eye for detail and a solid background in quality control practices, Jesus leads a dedicated team to guarantee the reliability and precision of engineered fasteners used in critical industries. His commitment to maintaining high standards and his focus on continuous improvement contribute to TSP Manufacturing’s reputation for delivering top-quality components. BACK

Explore TSP Manufacturing’s precision-engineered shear screws, designed for reliable control in critical applications. OUR PRODUCTS Precision Shear Products Home / Products / Shear Screws / Experts in Specialized Shear Products TSP Manufacturing holds over 25 years in manufacturing & testing of custom precision shear screws, pins and components. We maintain verifiable control of raw material, machining, and testing of shear products, providing the highest quality and traceability to our customers. WHEN ONLY THE BEST WILL DO Key Advantages of TSP Manufacturing's Precision Shear Products Extensive Experience: Over 25 years of expertise in manufacturing and testing custom precision shear screws and pin products. Raw Material Control: Verifiable control of raw material machining and testing ensures consistent quality. High Performance: Products are engineered to perform as intended in specific applications. Rigorous Quality Checks: Thorough testing in our certified lab guarantees adherence to precise specifications. Customer-Centric Compliance: Products are tailored to meet customers' unique and stringent requirements. OUR PRODUCTS Explore other products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Valve Stems Learn more about our Engineered Valve Stems, designed for demanding applications requiring exceptional strength, durability, and precision. Get a quote for your upcoming project CONTACT EXCELLENCE IN MANUFACTURING Quality, Materials, and Engineering Solutions Quality Learn more about how we deliver the highest Quality Engineered Fasteners & Components for custom-designed products Materials Learn more about our manufacturing material capabilities for our Engineered Fasteners & Components Services Learn more about our product support and supply chain solutions for our customers Engineered Fastener & Components Contact our product specialists today CONTACT

John Warren President BIO John Warren is the President of WN Global and TSP Mfg., where he leads the company’s strategic growth and operational excellence across advanced manufacturing solutions serving the global energy and industrial sectors. With more than 35 years of international leadership experience, he has built a reputation for transforming organizations, strengthening commercial performance, and aligning engineered products with the rigorous technical and compliance needs of customers who design, build, and operate critical equipment across the energy value chain. A seasoned global executive, John has worked across four continents—including the United States, West Africa, Scandinavia, and Australasia—where he has driven both operational efficiency and commercial expansion. His deep understanding of upstream oil and gas, industrial manufacturing, and power‑generation applications enables him to bridge technical capability with real‑world customer challenges in demanding environments. Before joining the WN Global family of companies, John served as Senior Business Development Manager for a major international oilfield services manufacturer. In this role, he strengthened the company’s market position and expanded commercial opportunities across Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. His success in building partnerships with key operators in these regions reflected both his commercial acumen and his ability to position engineered solutions to meet evolving market and regulatory requirements. John began his career as a mechanical engineer, a foundation that continues to define his leadership approach. His progression through roles in engineering, sales, operations, technology, and business development has given him a rare combination of technical rigor and commercial insight—an asset in an industry where performance, reliability, and safety standards are non‑negotiable. He excels at aligning manufacturing capability with customer expectations around quality, traceability, compliance, and delivery performance. Throughout his career, John has been an active contributor to industry thought leadership. He is a member of both the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC). He has co‑authored multiple SPE technical papers and holds several U.S. patents for innovations that have advanced performance and safety in energy‑sector applications. His contributions to engineering innovation earned him the prestigious Hart’s Award for Innovation. John holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Colorado State University and has completed executive programs at Texas A&M University. BACK

Esvin Gomez Quality Manager BIO As the Quality Manager at TSP Manufacturing, Esvin Gomez plays a critical role in ensuring that all products meet the highest standards of precision, reliability, and performance. With a strong background in quality management systems, Esvin leads efforts to maintain strict compliance with industry regulations and customer requirements. His expertise in process improvement and quality control helps TSP Manufacturing deliver superior engineered fasteners. Esvin's commitment to continuous improvement and his leadership in quality assurance contribute to the company’s reputation for excellence. BACK

testing capabilities Positive Material Identification (PMI) Positive Material Identification (PMI) is a non-destructive testing method used to verify the chemical composition of metals and alloys . PMI ensures that the material matches the specified grade or specification, preventing the use of incorrect or substandard materials in critical applications. This verification is essential for engineered fasteners, where material properties directly affect strength, corrosion resistance, and performance. How the Test is Performed Sample Preparation – The surface of the fastener or component is cleaned to remove coatings, oils, or debris. Analysis – A handheld or stationary X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or optical emission spectrometer (OES) device is used to analyze the elemental composition of the metal. Comparison to Specifications – The measured chemical composition is compared to the required material standard or grade. Documentation – Results are recorded, providing traceable verification of material compliance. Why It is Performed PMI is performed to prevent material mix-ups, ensure compliance with specifications, and guarantee performance and safety . Using the wrong material in a fastener could lead to reduced strength, corrosion failure, or catastrophic component failure in service. Confirms alloy and material grade accuracy Prevents use of incorrect or counterfeit materials Supports regulatory and customer requirements Ensures reliability and safety in critical applications Application to Engineered Fasteners Engineered fasteners must often meet strict material requirements to perform in high-stress, high-temperature, or corrosive environments. PMI ensures that: Fasteners are made from the correct alloys to meet mechanical and corrosion resistance requirements Material traceability is documented for quality assurance and regulatory compliance Performance is reliable in aerospace, oil & gas, nuclear, defense, and other critical industries Customer specifications are verified prior to assembly or delivery Standards & Compliance TSP Manufacturing performs PMI in accordance with ASTM, ASME, ISO, and customer-specific standards . All equipment is calibrated regularly, and testing is conducted by trained professionals to ensure accurate, repeatable, and traceable results. This adherence to recognized standards demonstrates TSP’s commitment to quality, safety, and delivering engineered fasteners and machined components that meet exacting specifications. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications.

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testing capabilities X-Ray X-Ray Inspection is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to examine the internal structure of a component without altering or damaging it. By passing X-rays through a part and capturing the resulting image on film or a digital detector, hidden defects such as cracks, voids, inclusions, or porosity can be detected. For engineered fasteners, this ensures the structural integrity and reliability of components that must perform under high stress or critical conditions. How the Test is Performed Sample Preparation – The fastener or component is cleaned and positioned in the X-ray inspection system. Exposure – X-rays are directed through the part, penetrating the material and interacting differently with various densities and structures. Image Capture – The transmitted X-rays are recorded on film or a digital detector to produce a radiographic image. Analysis – Trained inspectors examine the image for internal flaws, such as cracks, voids, or inclusions. Documentation – Inspection results are recorded to provide traceable verification of part quality. Why It is Performed X-Ray Inspection is performed to ensure that engineered fasteners and machined components are free of internal defects that could compromise strength, safety, or performance. Detecting hidden flaws before parts are installed prevents failures in service and enhances overall reliability. Detects internal cracks, voids, or inclusions Verifies quality of material and manufacturing processes Prevents in-service failures in critical applications Provides non-destructive verification of component integrity Application to Engineered Fasteners Engineered fasteners often operate under high-stress, high-temperature, or critical load conditions . X-Ray Inspection ensures that: Internal integrity is verified without damaging the fastener Material defects or inclusions are detected early in production Performance and reliability are maintained in safety-critical applications Compliance with customer specifications is documented before delivery Standards & Compliance TSP Manufacturing conducts X-Ray Inspection in accordance with ASTM, ISO, and customer-specific standards . Equipment is regularly calibrated, and inspections are performed by trained and certified personnel to ensure accurate, repeatable, and traceable results. Adherence to these recognized standards demonstrates TSP’s commitment to quality, reliability, and delivering engineered fasteners and machined components that meet the highest industry expectations. DOING WHATEVER IT TAKES Need product help or engineering support? Contact our team of fastener experts today CONTACT OUR PRODUCTS Explore our products Specialty Engineered Fasteners Learn more about our Engineered Fasteners, precision-crafted for specialized and critical applications in diverse industries. Machined Parts Learn more about our custom-designed Machined Components expertly crafted for applications across a range of industries. Precision Shear Products Explore our shear product manufacturing and quality capabilities, delivering precision solutions for the most demanding applications.